PARTNER for Training Success: TRAIN delivery, context, and learner needs
The fourth step in the PARTNER* model is TRAIN: Deliver the training; know the context and required delivery method (classroom, e-learning, experiential, on-the-job, mentorship, coaching, etc.); always consider the needs of the learner.
Be Learner Centred
The concept of Androgogy, the principles of adult learning, was brought to life in the latter part of the 20th century by Stanley Knowles. He advanced that adult learners:
- need to know why they are learning something; they must believe it will have a personal benefit
- have lifetime experiences that should be tapped and built upon
- learn best from hands-on, problem solving approaches to learning
- will expect to apply new knowledge and skills immediately, which will aid retention
In the world of corporate training and development, we deal with adult learners every day. One of the challenges that we deal with is creating the win-win in the organization-learner relationship. Too frequently we focus on the needs of the organization and forget about the needs of the learner. An example of this could be a mandatory training session on health and safety. We focus on meeting the objective of “putting” every employee through the program, not necessarily on the employee as learner.
I posted what I thought was a great quote by D. Blocher on twitter; “Learning is not a spectator sport.” While it comes from the academic world, I believe that it is applicable across all learning milieus.
When you are preparing to deliver content, whether through the classroom, e-learning, experiential, on-the-job, mentorship, or coaching avenues, always consider how the learner is going to interact and if the approach being used meets the learning needs of each learner. Understand your learners and you will be well on your way to creating a learning environment that meets their needs.
The Checklist
Why not include “the” checklist? If you are a professional or seasoned facilitator, this list, while certainly not comprehensive, addresses many of the fundamental do’s and don’ts of working with learners in group settings:
- Do admit mistakes
- Do be enthusiastic and cheerful
- Do begin and end on time
- Do exercise time control throughout the training session
- Do greet learners and introduce yourself
- Do learn names
- Do provide positive reinforcement
- Do speak clearly
- Don’t compete with learners
- Don’t involve yourself in small groups
- Don’t say “start” and “stop”
* The PARTNER model (Picture, Analysis, Ready, Train, Nurture, Evaluate, and Revisit) looks at each step in the development, design, delivery, and follow-up process and breaks it down into a simple to follow template.
This is post 5 of the PARTNER Model … view the others by following these links:
- PARTNER for Training Success
- Look at the big PICTURE
- ANALYSIS of Needs, Wants, and Identifying Gaps
- READY objectives, design, and delivery approach
- TRAIN delivery, context, and learner needs
PARTNER for Training Success: READY objectives, design, and delivery
So you have come to the realization that a training and development initiative is required. After stepping back to look at the big Picture, and then following that with an Analysis of the situation, it is time to prepare the most appropriate intervention; it is time to Ready your resources.
The third step in the PARTNER* model is READY objectives, design, and delivery.
Program Objectives
If you have successfully completed the first two stages of the PARTNER model, you should have the information necessary to develop key objectives for your training program. In fact, the objectives should be revealing themselves to you. You should be looking for answers to the following questions:
- What is the purpose of your program?
- How will you measure success?
- Have you considered which organizational metrics must be considered or improved for your program to be considered a success?
- What LROI (learning return on investment) issues need to be considered?
- How will you verify your program objectives?
- Who needs to give the program objectives the stamp of approval?
Design Methodology
The design process must work hand-in-hand with the delivery mechanism (see next heading). And like the process behind determining program objectives, there are a number of questions that you will want to answers for, either by seeking them out or coming to them on your own:
- Do you want to design a template that will be used to brand your program and provide consistency of application?
- Have you considered how your program will be evaluated and measured by learners?
- What feedback mechanisms and follow-up plans will be built into the design?
- Who will you be involving in the design process, (i.e. subject matter experts, trainers, curriculum designers, learners)?
Delivery Mechanisms
The methods of delivering training programs can be as varied as your imagination will allow. However, there are common approaches that have stood the test of time and continue to be used because they have a solid track record. Like any approach though, the time and effort put in up front will pay dividends. Consider the following approaches:
Resources and Infrastructure – Answering this question up front could well determine which approach or approaches you will be using and which ones you will not. This should hearken back to the research you did in the Picture step of the PARTNER model. Know what you are working with (and without) before inadvertently painting yourself into a corner.
External or Internal – An important consideration will be whether you are going to delivery your program using internal resources or if there will be more value for the learner and organization by using an external mechanism. And what would those be? They could include accredited post-secondary institutions offering continuing education programs or customized contract training solutions; they could also include national or multi-national corporate training companies that specialize in offering in-class or onsite training from a standard catalogue of easily customized content.
Coaching / Mentoring – This approach is more focused on working with individual learners. The individual filling the role of coach or mentor should have some type of certification in providing one-on-one coaching or mentoring. Mind you, the degree to which this may be required will be driven by the scope of your program.
Classroom – The traditional method of training and development, classroom delivery is the picture that comes to mind most frequently when people are asked to describe a learning process. And it still has an important role to play in the world of corporate learning and training. The classroom model can make sense when you have a large group of learners who are all required to learn the same content, or when you want to capitalize on external subject matter experts coming in to deliver customized content.
On the Job – When needing to transfer the unwritten, unspoken, and hidden storehouse of knowledge that resides within organizations (frequently referred to as tacit knowledge), on-the-job experiential training approaches should probably be considered.
E-learning – Referred to as e-learning, online learning, or computer based learning (you get the picture), this exciting and recent development in content delivery is being considered by more and more organizations as costs continue to come down. If you are considering e-learning delivery as an option, you will want to go back to the Picture step again to ensure that you have the infrastructure required to make it happen. This may need to be one of those “internal or external” resource discussions.
Blended – This is where training and development really begins to shine. And this is where both the needs of the learner and the organization can truly be met. When e-learning first hit the scene, many organizational leaders, interested in addressing escalating training costs and in using technology to train employees, took the implied e-learning promise to be that training efficiencies realized through using the new technology will go straight to the bottom line while revenue growth resulting from training will go straight to the top line. The pendulum has swung back. Combining e-learning with other forms of more traditional learning like classroom, has proven a winner and is bringing those training wins to the organization.
* The PARTNER model (Picture, Analysis, Ready, Train, Nurture, Evaluate, and Revisit) looks at each step in the development, design, delivery, and follow-up process and breaks it down into a simple to follow template.
This is post 4 of the PARTNER Model … view the others by following these links:
- PARTNER for Training Success
- Look at the big PICTURE
- ANALYSIS of Needs, Wants, and Identifying Gaps
- READY objectives, design, and delivery approach
- TRAIN delivery, context, and learner needs
PARTNER for Training Success: ANALYSIS of Needs, Wants, and Identifying Gaps
The second step in the PARTNER* model is ANALYSIS: Determine the needs and wants of the different stakeholders. Identify the gaps and prepare to address them.
When following the PARTNER* model, the first step (PICTURE) should have answered the “where” questions … “where is the organization going?”, and “where does the organization want to be?” It is not unlike planning a trip and pulling out the map to pin point a destination. ANALYSIS then is like determining where we are currently located on the map.
So what steps or considerations are involved in analyzing the needs and wants of the organization? And how will you identify the gaps? Be sure to consider the following:
Who – When you begin analyzing needs and wants, determine up front who you will be including in the process. Joseph Schwab, an educator who developed a program design approach based on curriculum deliberations, believed that the lead curriculum-making specialist should have input from all concerned parties. In the world of corporate learning and development, that would mean subject matter experts, learners, trainer-facilitators, organizational leader(s), and human resource representatives. He did caution subject matter experts will frequently want to control the curriculum making process or will discount input from others, so a strong and focused curriculum lead is required. Schwab’s approach is sound and ensures that all involved parties have a voice.
Unique Issues – Having completed the PICTURE step, you should be aware of the organization’s unique challenges that arise from issues like culture or geography. In the ANALYSIS stage, you must also consider and be aware of unique skill or process issues and constraints. Are there health and safety issues, legal constraints, or ethical considerations? What role does the learner take in relation to these? How about the organization’s leadership?
Competency Maps – Have competency maps been developed for the different internal roles? A competency map is an outline, or listing of skills and traits required to successfully fulfill the requirements of a particular position. If competency maps are available, great! Review them to ensure that they are current and reflective of the positions that exist. If competency maps are not available, consider completing them as part of the ANALYSIS process.
Questions – Through this entire process, you will be asking yourself (and possibly others) questions. Be sure to keep a running list of those questions somewhere where you can refer to it. Review the list and determine which questions are important in helping to determine where the organization currently is (remember the map analogy above?).
Methods/Media – Reach out and engage with individuals at all levels within the organization that will be effected by and involved with any training initiatives. There are a variety of ways to do this:
- Paper surveys
- One-on-one interviews
- On-line surveys, using tools like Survey Monkey
- 360 or modified 360 feedback instruments
- Exit interviews
- Roundtables
- Focus groups
One note of caution … it is often tempting to take as gospel the anecdotal input provided by the organizational leadership, and make decisions based on only their input. Leadership team input is only one part of a thorough analysis or needs assessment step.
Roll Out – When preparing to undertake a needs assessment, consider how to position it. Depending on its purpose, consider having a senior member from the leadership team provide an introduction of the process to all those who will be participating. This could be a simple as an e-mail/memo or voicemail blast, or it could be as elaborate as an all-hands meeting. Attaching as much credibility to this process will help to ensure that you get the information needed to help make the necessary recommendations.
Evaluation – The final step in the ANALYSIS process is to collect, document, and present your findings (even if you are only presenting those finding to yourself). This is where you will be able to confidently say, “this is where we are, and this is where we want to (or need to) be.” In some cases you may learn that the organization and its people are where they need to be, or are very close to it; in other cases it will be quite obvious that a significant gap exists. From here, we will move on to the READY stage in the PARTNER* model and begin the process of determining how to get from “here to there”.
* The PARTNER model (Picture, Analysis, Ready, Train, Nurture, Evaluate, and Revisit) looks at each step in the development, design, delivery, and follow-up process and breaks it down into a simple to follow template.
This is post 3 of the PARTNER Model … view the others by following these links:
- PARTNER for Training Success
- Look at the big PICTURE
- ANALYSIS of Needs, Wants, and Identifying Gaps
- READY objectives, design, and delivery approach
- TRAIN delivery, context, and learner needs
Let E-learners Have a Role in Choosing their E-learning Courses
Malcolm Knowles, one of the recognized founders of modern adult learning theory, states that adults must believe that their learning will have a personal benefit. Organizations typically have set goals and objectives that are at the forefront of all business planning. These two fundamentals do not need to be mutually exclusive. Within the context of the organization’s objectives, learners should have input into the process of determining what e-learning courses they will take. They can be determined through a process of consultation between organizational learning leaders and e-learners themselves.
Now I’m not suggesting that e-learners should have carte-blanche when it comes to making e-learning course selections, but rather that learners should be actively involved in the process of negotiating what courses to take, outside of those required as a matter of principle or prerequisite. Learners should be involved in the process of designing their curriculum to know that their learning will have personal benefit (for more on this perspective, see the December 24, 2009 entry: Let the Learner Play a Role in your Program Design).
The outcome of this process will be determined through those consultations and could take the form of roundtable discussions, surveys, one-on-one interviews, or a combination of two or all three approaches. The more that the organization embraces and respects the learner’s needs, the more success any corporate learning initiative will have.
This is post 7 of 7 of the E-learning Success Model … view the others by following these links:
- A Model for E-learning Success
- Understand the E-learner
- Onsite E-learning Champions
- In-Class Orientation for E-learners
- Support from the E-learner’s Manager
- Provided time to E-learners during Work Hours
- Let E-learners Have a Role in Choosing their E-learning Courses
Support from the E-learner’s Manager
Recently, an impartial study conducted at a given multi-national organization revealed that employees enrolled in e-learning felt little support from management for accessing e-learning during working hours. In fact, the implied message was that e-learning, while being provided by the organization as a way to develop professional skills so employees could be better at what they do, should be completed on the employees own time (at home, on lunch hour, etc.). It was clear that learners were discouraged before they even began the e-learning process; the organization is interested in supporting employee learning by investing in an e-learning program, yet the message that learners receive seems to be inconsistent with that objective. Trust mechanisms have to be built into the online learning experience. A learner should have the confidence that his/her manager supports and encourages e-learning efforts.
Managers, with the support of the organization, need to be willing to let their people learn. Working with their teams, time can be structured into the schedule to allow for their employees involved in e-learning initiatives to take a regularly allotted time to devote to e-learning. An example could be every Tuesday from 11:00 am to Noon … this way, both employee and employer can contribute to e-learning, with the employee choosing to invest some of his/her own time over lunch as an add on to the one hour prior to lunch. A simple activity plan with built in check points will ensure that a schedule like this works and is followed.
The objective is for both managers and employees to see and experience the benefit of providing paid time to develop skills that will assist moving the team and organization forward.
This is post 5 of 7 of the E-learning Success Model … view the others by following these links:
- A Model for E-learning Success
- Understand the E-learner
- Onsite E-learning Champions
- In-Class Orientation for E-learners
- Support from the E-learner’s Manager
- Provided time to E-learners during Work Hours
- Let E-learners Have a Role in Choosing their E-learning Courses
Develop On Site E-learning Champions
Do you remember the first time that you baked a cake (or drove a car, built a deck, installed a piece of software, etc.)? Were you on your own or was there someone there to show you, assist you, help and support you, encourage you? If that example doesn’t resonate with you, think of a time when you were doing something for the first time and you weren’t sure what to do. How about the time you purchased that print server for your home office, invested four hours trying to get it working, another two hours on the phone waiting for a technician, and then after connecting with someone, having it up and running in just ten more minutes. Do you recall your feeling of frustration, and then finally relief when you had someone to turn to?
With E-learning it’s not a whole lot different. If you’ve taken the time to understand who your e-learners are, and if you have identified those individuals that may be a risk as a result of their lack of experience with computers and online environments (lots of people still don’t have Facebook pages), having a go-to person available for them to turn to can make the difference between a frustrating experience that will discourage them from trying again, to a good experience that will have them excited about exploring all the e-learning options available to them.
Even the best designed e-learning programs cannot compensate for a helping hand that is responsive and capable of assisting new learners when needed. Having an in-house E-learning Champion lets learners feel that their company supports their online e-learning efforts and helps to develop the confidence necessary to be successful with e-learning courses in the future.
E-learning Champions can come in all stripes. They can be a dedicated resource or other e-learning users that have volunteered to take the lead and assist others. The important thing is to ensure that some process is in place to support new e-learners. In addition to be being a point of contact for e-learners, E-learning Champion(s) can also make their presence known through the marketing and promotion of e-learning programs to goal-setting with learners and encouraging learner strategies for success.
This is post 3 of 7 of the E-learning Success Model … view the others by following these links:
- A Model for E-learning Success
- Understand the E-learner
- Onsite E-learning Champions
- In-Class Orientation for E-learners
- Support from the E-learner’s Manager
- Provided time to E-learners during Work Hours
- Let E-learners Have a Role in Choosing their E-learning Courses
Understand the E-learner
Any organization that commits to undertaking an e-learning component as part of their learning and development strategy must make an effort to understand their learners. Unfortunately, it seems that many organizational leaders are sold on new e-learning technology as a way to reduce the investment in their training budget while frequently the needs of the learner seem to be ignored.
It would be foolhardy and potentially costly to overlook the fundamentals of adult learners as advanced by Malcolm Knowles, namely:
- Adults need to know why they are learning something; they must believe it will have a personal benefit;
- Adults have lifetime experiences that should be tapped and built upon;
- Adults learn best from hands-on, problem-solving approaches to learning; and
- Adults will expect to apply new knowledge and skills immediately, which will aid retention.
Understanding your corporate learners is important if you are to effectively work with Knowles’ fundamentals.
The process to start understanding learners can be accomplished by having prospective e-learners complete a short questionnaire or even through a one-on-one interview setting with an organizational e-learning champion. If the survey option is used, follow up with those that self-identify through their responses that they would be at risk in an e-learning environment. Questions requesting information about age, educational background, organizational tenure, and familiarity and comfort with computers and e-learning should be asked. Understanding the employees that will be participating in a company sponsored e-learning curriculum is no different than taking the time to understand employees that will be participating in in-class, on-the-job, or other training avenues. As a training leader (facilitator of learning), it is your responsibility to play a key role in delivering a positive LROI (Learning Return on Investment). In this case you can do that by making the effort to understand the e-learner.
This is post 2 of 7 of the E-learning Success Model … view the others by following these links:
- A Model for E-learning Success
- Understand the E-learner
- Onsite E-learning Champions
- In-Class Orientation for E-learners
- Support from the E-learner’s Manager
- Provided time to E-learners during Work Hours
- Let E-learners Have a Role in Choosing their E-learning Courses
A Model for E-learning Success
Frequently, discussions about e-learning in corporate training environments attract the attention of executives interested in addressing escalating training costs and in using technology to train employees. The implied E-learning promise is that training efficiencies will go straight to the bottom line while revenue growth resulting from training will go straight to the top line.
While true that training efficiencies can be realized from the use of e-learning in corporate environments, it is also true that there can be significant up-front investments required of organizations wanting to pursue custom E-learning initiatives. The price of failure could be high, and as a result, future training initiatives could be given a rough ride.
If employees do not perceive E-learning as a positive development, a consequence is that they may disengage from the learning process. If the bottom line investment in E-learning initiatives is high, the cost of learner disengagement to an organization has the potential to be significantly higher.
Over the next few blog posts, I am going to explore an E-learning Success Model that can be used by organizations considering E-learning as a component of their overall learning and development strategy.
The six strategies of the model that will be discussed individually are:
- Understand the e-learner
- Have an on site e-learning champion
- Provide an in-class orientation for all e-learners
- Support from the e-learner’s manager
- Time provided to e-learners during working hours
- Learners should play a role in choosing their own e-learning courses
This is post 1 of 7 of the E-learning Success Model … view the others by following these links:
- A Model for E-learning Success
- Understand the E-learner
- Onsite E-learning Champions
- In-Class Orientation for E-learners
- Support from the E-learner’s Manager
- Provided time to E-learners during Work Hours
- Let E-learners Have a Role in Choosing their E-learning Courses
Don’t Train for the Sake of Training
Have ever heard the statement, “if you don’t know where you are going, any road will get you there?” You could also say it this way, “if you don’t know where you are, and you don’t know where you are going, pick a road.”
When it comes to learning and development in the workplace, the same principles apply. Have you considered what outcomes you are looking for? Do you know the current capabilities of those who will be participating as learners? So as easy as it might be to consider that offer from the nice learning company account representative that paid you a visit earlier today, hyping the special rates available on their super-duper-training-course, be sure that you are first clear about where you want your organization to be going.
In other words, know where it is that you want to go (let’s say Montreal), know where you are (let’s say Toronto), and then determine the most effective way to get there. Could it be flying? Perhaps driving? What about the train or bus? There are many factors that will consider into this decision, including time, money, and possibly personal considerations like a fear of flying. Some factors are qualitative, some quantitative; some may be based on anecdotal feedback from others that have taken the trip previously.
A little effort will put you in control of determining what training initiatives are truly necessary (if at all) for your organization. That means identifying the goals and objectives of the organization, determining where your employees skill sets currently fit, and their ability to accomplish the goals set out using those skill sets. From these determinations, and if necessary, you can develop an organizational training plan.
The bottom line is don’t train for the sake of training. If that is your intention, then by all means take advantage of the latest super-duper-training-course that the nice learning company account representative presented to you … after all, any road/training will get you to your destination … won’t it?
Where would organizations be without their people?
Picture: The Learner
Have you ever found yourself commenting under your breath about yet another policy being pushed down from above? Do your experiences at work find you wondering if you really are just another number in the cog of industry? Does the organization that you are a part of pay lip service to how valuable their people are, yet their actions really seem to indicate otherwise?
Ok, enough of the negative questions.
Are you fortunate enough to be part of an organization that values the insight and opinions of all employees? Do the organization’s leaders consult with employees before implementing policies that will affect those same employees? Do leaders within the organization understand the practiced art of listening? Does the organization that you are a part of demonstrate every day how valuable their people are, through both words and actions?
Now it’s a fact that learning and development initiatives will continue to take place in either type of organization implied above (or in an organization that falls somewhere in between the two extremes). The issue to consider is what type of organization is likely to see success from training initiatives. One that sees and believes that they have automatons collecting pay every two weeks? Or one that sees people and opportunities, (in short, an organization that believes the heart is as important as the brain)?
How the organizational leadership views their employees is an important component of any training and development program; if they view them as the former (automatons with no hearts), then perhaps an attitude adjustment is required first. After all, if the organization is to succeed over the long term then its people must also.
Or am I living in too idealistic a world?
